Tips about Norsk Grammatikk - Substantive

This post is for beginners: 

I have mention some terms in Marathi for those who understand it.

About kjønn

Whenever you try to memorize the word, memorize it with its kjønn i.e.its gender.

Every word in norsk has gender. In english its used as He\She\It
and in norsk its as below.

• hankjønn - masculine (पुल्लींग ) : Represented as en (तो/He )
• hunkjønn - feminine (स्त्रीलींग ) : Represented as ei (ती/She)
• intetkjønn - neuter (नपुसकलींग ) : Represented as et (ते/It)

Some examples are
en mann, en gutt, en bil
ei dame, ei jente
et barn, et hus, et vindu

Note: Common mistake done is one try to remember words English gender and attach Norsk kjønn. NEVER do that. Try to remember only the nosk kjønn. never attach English gender to norsk word.

About different forms of words.

Each word takes several form in Norsk grammar.Same as in english, they take two main forms. 

• Entall - Singular/एकवचन  &
• Flertal - Plural/अनेकवचन.

Within each the words takes two forms, 

• Ubestemt - definite/ निश्चित  & 
• Bestemt - Indefinite/ अनिश्चित 

Entall		Flertall
Ubestemt	Bestemt	Ubestemt	Bestemt

As i told earlier, one must learn kjønn of word, same way one must learn all the four forms of the words so that statements can be formed.

You must be wondering why to remember all four forms. Take an example. You would like to talk about a car. you can make several statements like

There is a car.
The car is red.
I want two cars.
Parking lot has many cars.

In English, you use 'a' and 'the' to define, definite and indefinite. For singular you use only 'car' and for plural, you attach 's' at the end.
In similar way in Norsk you use 

• 'a car' => entall ubestemt => en bil
• i.e you are talking about any car. You don't know that car. Its first time you are talking about that car.
• 'the car'=> entall bestemt => bilen
• You are talking about specific car. You know that car now and have talked about it prior with the person you are communicating.
• 'cars' => flertall ubestemt => biler
• You are talking about more than one cars. The number of cars are countable. i.e. two cars, three cars, hundred cars, thousand cars.
• '(those) cars' => flertall bestemt => bilene
• You are talking about many cars but the number is uncountable. For e.g. 
• She has many cloths. Since you can not count the cloths, you must use Flertal bestemt. But if you can count the cloths then you must use Flertall ubestemt.
• Since parking place is huge, you dont know how many cars are there, you use Flertall bestemt. But one day you decide to count :) and knows at a moment how many cars are there then you can use flertall ubestemt at that moment.

	Entall		Flertall
	Ubestemt	Bestemt	Ubestemt	Bestemt
In English	a car	the car	cars	cars
På Norsk	en bil	bilen	biler	bilene
Explanation	you are talking about any car. You don't know that car. Its first time you are talking about that car.	You are talking about specific car. You know that car and have talked about the car prior.	You are talking about more than one cars. The number of cars are countable. i.e. two cars, three cars,  hundred cars, thousand cars.	You are talking about many cars but the number is uncountable. For e.g. Parking place has many cars

So the statements now become as
There is a car. => Der er en bil.
The car is red. => Den bilen er rød.
I want two cars. => Jeg ønsker to biler.
Parking lot has many cars. => Parkerings plass har flere bilene.


So how would you write? 
There is a cake
That cake is good.
I ate three cakes.
All cakes are sweet

There is a girl.
That girl is beautiful.
I have two girls.
Those girls goes to school.

It is a window.
That window is big.
I broke two windows.
My house has many windows.


IMP Note: For most of the hankjønn words, you can add "a" at the end of the word for Entall Bestemt. i.e. ei jente, jenta, jenter,jentene
and for intekjønn, add "et" i.e. et vindu, vinduet, vinduer, vinduene.

I use to memorize  it as below since most of the words would follow the pattern.

	Entall		Flertall
	UB	BT	UB	BT
Hankjønn	(en)	--en	--er	--ene
Hunkjønn	(ei)	--a	--er	--ene
Intetkjønn	(et)	--et	Same as Entall UB	--ene